Fall of Rome - Common Theories and Causes

Gender Roles In Trifles By Susan Glaspell - 1200 Words

Throughout American history, stereotypes about gender socialization and gender roles have existed in society. During the late 19th to the early 20th century, genders roles began to shift. This is mainly due to the shift as more women took on more professional affairs. Because of this shift, women became less reliant on male dependency, allowing them to be socially equal in the eyes of men. In Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles makes a moving statement how the gender roles were in the early 20th century and how women were treated. The play takes place on a midwestern farm inside a farmer s house during this period. After law enforcement was called to investigate a crime scene, one the men belittle his wife. At this point, the women s†¦show more content†¦With the aid of the theme in gender, Glaspell is successful in conveying that gender role had a crucial role in the outcome of the play. As the play starts off when the sheriff, county attorney, and Mr. Hale are called in to investigate the murder of John Wright, they comment how Ms. Wright concern herself with small things such as her preserves rather than concentrate that she is about to be charged with murder. (Glaspell 4). The first few comments that the men make were not that big of a deal, rather it when the sheriff makes the comment of Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin about her preserves and Mr. Hale s response of Well, women are used to worrying over trifles that angers the sheriff s wife and Mrs. Hale and changes their perception on the murder case. After Mr. Wright made his wife quit her passion of singing, the preservatives are the only things that she has left. The women also question the preservative bottle shape where some bottles are broken and only one is left intact. Only the woman can make the connection that the cracked bottles symbolize that Ms. Wright had another chance to live her lifestyle and that is after the death of her abusive husband. While the m en carry out the real work a nonverbal agreement is met between the sheriff s wife and Mrs. Hale. The women agree to hide the proof that sheriff and the county attorney needs to fulfill their obligations of law professional andShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In Trifles, By Susan Glaspell895 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, there have been many works of literature that used the concept of gender roles. An example of one of these literary works is Trifles, written by Susan Glaspell in 1916. Back in 1916 women were held to no value. Since the Progressive Era, many women have fought for those equal rights. Now, in modern day society, they have finally achieved that. Today, in modern day society, men and women are treated closer to equal but are still not 100%. Women are no longer limited to just makingRead MoreGender Roles Throughout History : Susan Glaspell s Trifles Essay1939 Words   |  8 PagesGender roles throughout history have been portrayed in many works of literature. W e imagine that in 2016 our world would be at its absolute best regarding the roles of women considering we just had our first woman from a major party run for the highest office in the nation. Unfortunately, we still seem to have a way to go. Oscar Wilde said, Women have a much better time than men in this world; there are far more things forbidden to them. It has only been in the past few years that women have stoodRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Trifles By Susan Glaspell1016 Words   |  5 PagesPerspective: Readers Response Criticism to â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell The play written by Susan Glaspell in 1916 is based on the murder of John Wright where the prime suspect is his spouse; Minnie Foster. â€Å"Trifles† is fixated on the investigation of the social division realized by the strict gender roles that enable the two men and women to have contending points of view on practically every issue. This is found in the way the men view the kitchen as they consider it as not having anything of significantRead MoreFeminist Criticism Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1512 Words   |  7 Pagesis and that’s how Susan Glaspell’s shows her work in her life time where women only had a few roles. They were to have house chores done, cook, and reproduce. Women in the early twentieth century felt it is time to stand up against patriarchal oppressions and which is why Glaspell’s work critiques the society we live in for restricting women. One of her most famous dramas, â€Å"Trifles†, Glaspell showed the females capability to s tand up for one another. Gender issues play a role in everyday societyRead More Gender Roles in Susan Glaspells A Jury Of Her Peers and Trifles 1176 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in Susan Glaspells A Jury Of Her Peers and Trifles  Ã‚   Twentieth century society places few stereotypical roles on men and women.   The men are not the sole breadwinners, as they once were, and the women are no longer the sole homemakers.   The roles are often reversed, or, in the case of both parents working, the old roles are totally inconsequential.   Many works of literature deal with gendered roles and their effect on society as a whole or on an individual as a person.   A JuryRead MoreTrifles : A Dramatic Examination Of Gender Role1031 Words   |  5 PagesTrifles: A Dramatic Examination of Gender Role Trifles is a dramatic one act play written by American female playwright Susan Glaspell. The play examines through the framework of a murder mystery how rigid gender role dynamics in the early 20th century not only shaped people s thinking, but blinded them from seeing what would otherwise be clear as day to someone else. During the time the play was written the women s liberation movement had yet to take place. Women were strongly stereotyped andRead MoreTrifles by Susan Glaspell: Women’s Silent Voices Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading the play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, I was able to grasp the important facts about social views of women and their domestic roles. Glaspell’s play depicts the gender inequality which exists in the society, drawing significant attention to the societal values of women at that time. Although women’s roles are treated as unimportant, she depicts women’s devotion that lies with each other and emphasize s how they survive the patriarchal society. Susan Glaspell highlights the settings asRead MoreThe Use of Symbols in Susan Glaspell’s Play Trifles1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn the nineteenth century until the twentieth century, women lived under men’s shadows. In that time, inequality between genders was the most obvious thing that characterized the society. Women’s role was guided by men and was simply related to their domestic environment; nothing but a caring wife and a busy mother. Unlike now, men looked at women as machines that had to provide comfort and mind relax to their husbands even if their husbands did not provide that to them. To be specific, society inRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1174 Words   |  5 Pages A Jury of Her Peers is a short story written by Susan Glaspell in 1917 and follows the investigation of the murder of John Wright, with his wife Minnie Wright being the alleged murderer. Martha and Lewis Hale assist Sheriff Peters and his wife, Mrs. Peters, with investigati ng the scene of the crime. Throughout the story, women notice significance in their findings, of which the men overlook. The men have a dismissive attitude towards the women, ignoring their contributions. When the women solveRead MoreTiffles Annotated Bibliography1375 Words   |  6 PagesTrifles Annotated Bibliography Alkalay-Gut, Karen. Jury of Her Peers: The Importance of Trifles. Studies in Short Fiction 21 (Winter 1984): 1-9. In this deeper look into Trifles, Karen goes through the plot and discusses what you should pay more attention too. She describes the symbolism in some of the objects as well as explain the scenes and their little details. Karen finds the difference between male and female perceptions of judgment to be central to the play. She explains that you

Analysis of Australian Public Listed Companies

Question: Choose from the year 2011-2014 and select three Australian Public Listed company in insolvency. Form your opinion on the performance, risk and continuity of these companies by applying your knowledge of analytical procedures you developed in 1) above. Compare and contrast your opinion you developed in 2) above with the auditors Answer: Selection of Companies First of all, in order to carry out the effective analysis of the individual companys performance, risk related factors and continuity of the business procedures, selecting or identifying a company according to the requirement is considered as a necessary and major stage. The rest of the analysis procedure will be performed on the selected company and the method for doing that will be chosen on the basis of nature of analysis (Champlain, 2003). In this case, the selection criteria are known to be an Australian Public Company listed in the ASX between the time periods of 2011 2014. Integrating to the initial criteria, the company selected in this portion is named as, Metlifecare Ltd. Also, it is worth to mention that the company of Metlife is going through the process of facing the insolvency risk. Analysis of Performance, Risk and Continuity This portion will deal with the performance, risk and continuity of the selected company and the discussion will be delivered by considering the appropriate analytical procedures as the part of company auditing process (Harms and Rosen, 2002). The different financial statements of the mentioned company will be evaluated in order to perform the analysis on the specifically mentioned areas. In this specific context, the entire process of analysis can be done easily and smoothly on the basis of calculating the ratios of different operations by the company as the generated value can suggest the overall picture regarding the major areas. Considering the financial performance the things that should need to notice are the amount of assets and liabilities of the particular company. This particular process as part of the auditing delivers the significant overview of the companys financial position. In this case, current ratio is considered as the major indicator and commonly used measuring process that assess the ability of the company to meet its short-term obligations (Cull, et al., 2006). The current ratio too low indicates the risk of insolvency and too high indicates the unnecessary build-up of cash, inventory or receivables. The comparison of current ratio should be done by relating to the companys past performances. In case of Metlife Ltd, it has the lack of business performance and the fact can be generated by looking at the calculated current ratio of the company. The value of current ratio for the company in the three different financial years (2012, 2013 2014) are not looking strong as they never crossed the benchmark of one (Knell, 2006). Therefore, the company has not been able to utilize its assets to cover up the debts. This above factor proves that the company is more open to the risks of being insolvent in the near future if it continues to give the same picture. As a matter of concern, the trend of the current ratio is constantly shows the downward picture as 0.03, 0.08 and 0.74 in the three respective financial years (Mulford and Comiskey, 2005). Also, the health of the company can be acknowledged by the total non-current assets and liabilities of the company. The total non-current assets of the company in 2014 is AUD1996 million where the total liabilities stand as AUD2010 million. It clearly suggests that the total amount of liabilities crossed total amount of non-current assets. Therefore, the company can be facing with the potential risk of being insolvent in the near future. In an addition, the continuity of the company depends on its profitability and growth in the market. From the perspective of an investor, the growth rate is measured by the compounded annualized rate of growth in earnings, dividends and revenues of a company. In this case, the growth of the company can be referred by the net income and revenue of the company (Steffan, 2008). According to the comparative analysis, the growth of the company cannot be observed as huge reduction of revenue can be observed in the income statement of the company for the current financial year as compared to the previous two years. Also the net income earning capability of the company did not suggest any good picture as it is constantly deteriorating. Therefore, the continuity of the company cannot be observed on a smooth basis in the upcoming financial years. Comparison and Contrast of Opinion In this portion, the effective comparison and contrast of the three previously discussed areas of these the selected company will be discussed in order to reach an effective auditing conclusion (Stallings et al., 2008). In the areas of performance, the analysis report of the company suggests that Metlifecare Ltd is weak in terms of financial and a systematic connection can be made with the risk factors associated with the company. By analysing the financial health of the company, both the financial performance and chances of risks are identified. The fact is established that the company is vulnerable to the insolvency factor. Considering the diminishing trend of the current ratio declares that Metlifecare Ltd is not been able to manage the business effectively and the reflection can be further proven in the section of companys continuity analysis (Taylor, 2006). The growth of the company depends on the net income earning capabilities by the way of maximizing the revenues. Therefore, due to the weak financial performance, Metlifecare Ltd cannot able to meet the desired level and is opened to the threat References Cull, R., DemirguÃÅ'ˆcÃÅ'Â §-Kunt, A. and Morduch, J. (2006).Financial performance and outreach. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, Development Research Group, Finance Team. Mulford, C. and Comiskey, E. (2005).Creative cash flow reporting. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. Steffan, B. (2008).Essential management accounting. London: Kogan Page. Champlain, J. (2003).Auditing information systems. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Harms, D. and Rosen, E. (2002).The impact of Enron. New York: Practising Law Institute. Knell, A. (2006).Corporate governance. Amsterdam: Elsevier/CIMA. Stallings, W., Brown, L., Bauer, M. and Howard, M. (2008).Computer security. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Taylor, E. (2006).The effects of in-group bias and decision aids on auditors' evidence evaluation. [Tampa, Fla]: University of South Florida.

U.S. immigration reform policy circa 2001 to present

Introduction The focus of this paper is on immigration reform policy and how illegal immigration has affected the United Sates of America. Illegal immigration in this country has made a huge contribution towards various crimes which been costly to the American people. A large number of people come in to the United States of America, mostly looking for jobs and among these, there are those who come in illegally and are potential criminals.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on U.S. immigration reform policy circa 2001 to present specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has called for having immigration policy reforms. Talking of immigration policy reform brings in a number of questions that need to be answered: What does the need to have immigration reforms all about? How does it affect America as a nation? What are the moral implications of the immigration reform for the American people? These are some of the que stions that are going to be answered in this paper. If the issue of illegal immigration is effectively dealt with, the level of crime in this country will be reduced to a remarkable level and the economic cost associated with illegal immigrants will be reduced significantly. Problems Linked to Illegal Immigration It is pointed out that, to actually revert to the core of reform and illegal immigration, there is need to revert to the year 1964, a time Lynden Johnson halted bringing in of temporary workers (Migrant Labor, 2008).There are various kinds of crimes the illegal immigrants commit ranging from small theft to killing other people. It is reported that, 12 American citizens are killed by the illegal immigrant each day, and this figure is based on the 2006 statistics that were presented by Steve King (Salant, 2011). In case these figures are real, then this translates in to having four thousand Americans killed each year by illegal immigrants and this is more than the number of s olders who are killed at war in Afghanistan and Iraq together. This implies that more than thirty thousand Americans have been killed in the period that began in the year 2001. The other kind of crime that is committed is the â€Å"unfunded mandate† by the federal government which calls for the people to finance the illegal immigrants’ kids’ education which totals to about one thousand dollars per family. Moreover, the â€Å"unfunded mandate† of the medical care for the illegal immigrants which amounts to about 700 dollars per each family has to be added (Salant, 2011). The consequence of all these is having a quite expensive problem which the federal government brought about and exasperates.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Immigration Reform Debate Several groups of people have been debating about immigration reform. There are those p eople who believe that the borders should be left open in order to allow any person willing to get in to the U.S to enter without restricting him. According to Rosado (2011) this group of people who hold this belief seems to form a relatively large part of the population that just do not have knowledge about what goes on and what costs result from illegal immigration. If not so, they may be ones who want to make quick money at the expense of the rest of the American society when they employ the illegal immigrants in the jobs which are said can not be undertaken by the Americans. Another group of people is pointed out by Rosado (2011) as those who hold the belief that â€Å"borders should be closed then reform how the legal way works for immigrants to become citizens, and reform how we give temporary visas to farm workers† (Rosado, 2011, p.1). The third group is formed by those who hold a belief that all the illegal immigrants should be deported from the country at once. Howev er, this last group is not a big one (Rosado, 2011). According to Jeffrey D’Vera (2010), with the passing of the REA, ID Act, congressional interest went back to CIR, the â€Å"three-pronged approach† of better immigration enforcement, â€Å"visa reforms to increase legal inflows, and legalization for some of the estimated 1.2 million unauthorized immigrants living in the United States at that point† (Jeffrey D’Vera, p.21). The focus of the enforcement proposals was on additional investments on border infrastructure, a variety of fresh rules controlling deportation and immigration-related criminal punishment, and moves to make worksite enforcement stronger, encompassing one having need of all employers to utilize an internet-based system for examining the laborers’ â€Å"employment eligibility against government databases† (Rosenblum, 2011, p.6). The proposed reforms in regard to visas led to creation of new employment-based visa, with pro posals varying on the way they are supposed to be structured and whether or not to enlarge family-based flows or to make them smaller (Doris M., Rosenblum, R. M. Madeleine, 2009). The legalization proposals varied both in their scope and in their specific benefits and requirements.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on U.S. immigration reform policy circa 2001 to present specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, all the proposals discarded amnesty, in favouring earned legalization, offering restricted legal status to illegal immigrants who came into the United Sates before a particular time and who meet other traditional requirements but calling for the need of them to meet additional requirements to acquire the right to go on staying in United Sates and to engage in the application for legal permanent residency and ultimately applying for United States citizenship (Rosenblum, 2011). It is pointed out that, all through the 1900s and especially in the 20 years that came after the end of the â€Å"U.S-Mexican Bracero Program†, the United States immigration system put up with a high level of misdemeanour and tacitly allowed widespread unlawful employment in agriculture and other low-skilled sectors of the United States’ economy (Rosenblum, 2011, p.9). In a notable manner, Congress rejected proposals openly in the 1950s requiring them to make it to be illegal for one to employ or hire the unauthorized immigrants, and in turn rejected other bills which involved employer sanctions at different points in the course of the 1960s and 1970s (Rosenblum, 2011, p.9). It is also pointed out that even the writing and implementation of the â€Å"1986 Immigration reform and Control Act† was carried out in a manner that generally did not succeed to prevent employers from employing the unauthorized labourers (Rosenblum, 2011). This system was a â€Å"stable policy regime† for a long period of time because it gave assurance of a supply of the immigrant laborers that could be paid low wages without pressurizing the lawmakers to deal with hard questions regarding the number of immigrants (lawfully) to admit. However, while the actual and perceived costs of illegality went up, pressure mounted for the system to reform (Rosenblum, 2011, p.10). Rosenblum (2011) further points out that; the lesson that was learned in the post 9/11 period is not that the U.S Immigration policymaking is not paralysed: Congress and President Bush came to an agreement â€Å"to a total of six immigration measures in 2001 to 2006† (Rosenblum, 2011, p.11). Enforcement efforts like these ones, and particularly in the 2008 economic recession, have hard-pressed immigrant apprehensions to a 40-year low and immigrant removals to an all-time high, and illegal immigrant population in the U.S has gone down by 1 million persons (Rosenblum, 2011, p.11).Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the activity of making policy has been single sided since there has been blocking of visa reform and legalization proposals in Congress in spite of support of two presidents, members of the two parties, and a number of influential interest groups (Rosenblum, 2011, p.11). The question is then, what gives an explanation to the asymmetry in the United States immigration debate and the decision made by three consecutive congresses to fail to pass a CIR bill?. It is pointed out that, partially, the asymmetry is a function of the United States immigration policy evolution in the course of the last forty years. In the short run, the decision made by the Congress not to pass the CIR bill in the period 2006 to 2010 as well gives a reflection of poor timing for the people who are in favour of CIR, â€Å"with generous immigration bills, to a certain extent, let down by electoral deliberations in the years 2006 and 2007 and the economic recession after 2008 (Rosenblum, 2011, p.11). Ho wever, these short-term hindrances as well give a revelation of deeper political challenges in relation to the way coalitions and interest groups relate with immigration policy, challenges which bring about significant questions concerning the future of the immigration reform of the United States (Rosenblum, 2011). According to Rodolfo (2011), the failure by the U.S government to deal with immigration in a realistic manner has led to creation of a political and policy crisis. Getting out this quagmire calls for having a change of how immigration is thought about. It must be started to be looked at as being an on-going socio-economic process instead of looking at it as being a national security issues to be put under attack and controlled. This will help in having acknowledgement that extreme measures like ‘closing the border’ or allowing the status quo to go on, offer pyrrhic solutions, and it is achievable to influence immigration and mediate its effects through fresh policies which deal with all major aspects of the problem. It is also vital to have recognition that immigration virtually affects all the key aspects of the society to a significant level, including the economy, culture, demography and politics of the nation; in a manner that creates â€Å"potentially unbridgeable political cleavages† (Rodolfo, 2011). To further emphasize this point, Rodolfo (2011) states that, â€Å"add to this, the multi-dimensional impact of the nation’s current economic crisis, and it is easy to understand why the politics of immigration reform have become complicated that policy makers have essentially opted for inaction† (Rodolfo, 2011, p.65). The policy makers have resolved to either doing nothing or coming up with proposals involving solutions that will never be made formal. Making immigration reform to be more difficult is the idea that, in order to manage immigration successfully, this will call for overcoming domestic conflicts. Immi gration is an â€Å"intermestic issue†, meaning that it involves the United Sates and the nation that is sending the immigrant at the same time. Therefore, in order to be able to manage it, this call for having international collaboration and in the absence of it, there will be no possibility to stem the immigrants’ flow – a main component of any immigration management policy and its attendant problems. Measures To Create a New Policy The United States has to set up its dual focus which involve social and economic well-being of the nation; and respect for the civil as well as human rights of the immigrants. The social and economic well-being will give the basis for meeting the employer demands for low and high skilled labor. Respect for the civil and human rights will validate the overstated claim of America being a country which welcomes immigrants, which calls for making sure that anti-immigrant discrimination is reduced and immigrant-worker rights are respect ed. There can be no rejecting of these objectives by any reasonable interest group. Another measure that needs to be taken is ensuring that there is enforcement of the existing national employment laws, confining jobs to the legal residents, citizens and authorized guest workers. This brings in opposition on two fronts: one of them is that the construction and agricultural employers as well as hotel and restaurant employers among other depend very much on the large numbers of the undocumented immigrant workers, who are in most cases, the only potential employees that can accept low pay and low status jobs and it is also pointed out that there are the â€Å"pro-immigrant and human rights advocates who fear the potential human and civil rights violations that may result from the enforcement of the current law† (Rodolfo,2011, p.66). These concerns are well-founded. Even if the IRCA (Immigration Reform and Control Act) of 1986 requires fining and potential imprisonment of the emp loyers who employ the undocumented immigrant, attempts to carry out the implementation of IRCA have put focus greatly on the unauthorized workers’ removal. This contributed to carrying out raids in those sectors in which the safety of the workers was especially at risk like in the food production and manufacturing sectors. The completion of the raids was realized and undocumented workers arrested and deported, the spouses of those deported were not notified and their well-being was not taken care of. On top of the fines imposed to them, the employers that were raided have encountered interruption in production and have incurred financial losses coming up from the problem of lack of employees. It is pointed out that the documented immigrants have also been affected by the raids â€Å"due to a number of identity-validation inadequacies† (Rodolfo, 2011, p.66). President Obama’s administration has resolved to carry out what is referred to by the employers as â€Å" silent raids† (Rodolfo, 2011). This has involved employee file auditing, an undertaking which has been optimized by the advancement in technology (Julia, 2010). According to Rodolfo (2011), instead of increasing the number of deportation, the objective of these â€Å"silent raids† seems to be a lesson since those who were employed previously and those freshly arriving that are undocumented immigrants, learn that they will not be able to get jobs in the U.S and this might prompt them to return to their respective homelands. However, no evidence has been identified of having large-scale reverse migration† (Rodolfo, 2011). The current employment law enforcement can not offer a solution to the problems that are brought about by the loss of employment that results from the â€Å"silent raids† or the country’s increased level of hostility towards the immigrants. Following this, the focus must be put on â€Å"reimaging the conditions that allow those who a re already in the country to stay† (Rodolfo, 2011, p.67). The employers who give jobs to the undocumented immigrants should go on to be fined in order to avoid rewarding those people who have not abided by the set up immigration law procedures. In addition, there must be better implementation and vigorous enforcement of the protections against fraudulent residential claims, in order for the number of fake claims to become as minimal as possible. Rodolfo (2011) points out that the new immigrants have to offer a response to the demand in the labor market â€Å"insofar as they serve the market† (Rodolfo, 2011, p.67). At this point, there should be instituting of a ticket system for the undocumented immigrants that are at least eighteen years of age and are looking for jobs. This would be comparable to, but far more â€Å"immigrant-friendly than, the employer-favored guest-worker program† (Rodolfo, 2011, p.67). Given the possibility that that the â€Å"silent raidâ €  will go on, the employers should support a ticket system which will offer them with however many employee they want to have. The employers would still have the obligation to certify employee by using documents which citizens as well as legal resident aliens already have; including the U.S birth certificate, a proof of legal resident alien status, and a valid passport among other relevant documents. Conclusion If the issue of illegal immigration is effectively dealt with, the level of crime in this country will be reduced to a remarkable level and the economic cost associated with illegal immigrants will be reduced significantly. Illegal immigration has contributed to high levels of crime in the United States of America ranging from stealing small things to murder. There has been debate on the issue of immigration policy reforms in the U.S for quite sometime and it seems that a common agreement has not yet been reached by the involved parties. Lack of success by the U.S governm ent to handle the issue of immigration in a more realistic way has contributed towards creation of a political and policy crisis. Getting out this dilemma calls for having a change of how immigration is thought about. It must be considered as being an on-going socio-economic process instead of looking at it as being a national security issue to be put under attack and controlled. Appropriate measures need to be taken that every one staying and working in the U.S is there legally and has the necessary documents. This nation has to set up its dual focus which involve social and economic well-being of the nation; and respect for the civil as well as human rights of the immigrants. Employers should play a role of ensuring that they hire the right people, those who are legally staying in the U.S and in case they go against this, heavy fines need to be imposed on them in order to discourage them from engaging in this. References Doris, M., Rosenblum, R. M. Madeleine, S. (2009). Aligning Temporary Immigration Visas with US Labor Market Needs: The Case for a New System of Provisional Visas. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Jeffrey, P. D’Vera, C. (2010). U.S. Unauthorized Immigration Flows are Down Sharply since Mid-Decade. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center. Julia, P. (2010, September 9) â€Å"Illegal Workers Swept from Jobs in ‘Silent Raids,’† New York Times. Migrant Labor (2008). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. encyclopedia.com. Retrieved from https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/labor/migrant-labor Rodolfo, O. G. (2011). Neither Walls Nor Op en Borders: A New Approach to Immigration Reform. New Labor Forum, 20(1): 65-71. Rosado, J. A. (2011). Immigration reform: the real problem. johnrosado.net. Web. Rosenblum, M. R. (2011). U.S immigration policy since 9/11: understanding the stalemate over comprehensive immigration reform. Washington, D.C.: Migration Policy in stitute. Salant, T. J. (2011).Undocumented Immigrants in U.S.-Mexico Border Counties: The costs of law enforcement and criminal justice services. Illegalimmigrationcosts.com. Web. This research paper on U.S. immigration reform policy circa 2001 to present was written and submitted by user Emmitt B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.